Een dieselmotor is een verbrandingsmotor. Dat wil zeggen dat de brandstof in de motor zelf wordt verbrand en in energie omgezet. De dieselmotor werkt volgens het principe van zelfontbranding: de lucht die voor de verbranding nodig is, wordt eerst door de zuiger in de cilinder samengeperst. Daardoor wordt de lucht zo heet dat de ingespoten brandstof (olie) spontaan ontbrandt. Een vonk om de ontsteking van de brandstof tot stand te brengen, was daardoor overbodig. Door die explosie komt de zuiger in beweging en gaat de motor draaien. Het principe werd bedacht door de Duitse ingenieur Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913). Belangrijke voordelen van de dieselmotor waren dat de motor weinig brandstof gebruikte, die bovendien goedkoop was. De dieselmotor nam in de industrie al snel een belangrijke plaats in en was de basis voor vele ontwikkelingen in vervoer en transport. De motor werd gebruikt in schepen, trucks, bussen en tractoren en volgde in het treinverkeer de stoomlocomotief op. De dieselmotor van de Britse motorenbouwer Crossley in de collectie van Discovery Museum heeft een vermogen van ongeveer 50 pk. De motor deed vanaf 1932 jarenlang dienst in de maalderij van de firma Laverge en Van Asch in Culemborg.
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